National Monument

Interesting facts

1. 1

   The 14-meter-wide flame structure is constructed from 14.5 tons of bronze and is covered with 32kg of gold leaf.

2. 2

   The monument's design is based on the symbolic pairing of the Linga (obelisk) and Yoni (base), representing a traditional Indonesian concept of balance.

3. 3

   The 51 dioramas in the basement museum were meticulously crafted to cover the history of the archipelago from prehistoric eras to the 1960s.

4. 4

   The original Proclamation of Independence manuscript is stored within the Hall of Independence, located inside the monument's chalice.

5. 5

   The monument was specifically designed to be visible from the Presidential Palace to serve as a constant reminder of the nation's sovereignty.

6. 6

   The structure's height—132 meters—is specifically measured to incorporate the numbers 17, 8, and 45, representing the date of Indonesia's independence (August 17, 1945).

Overview

The National Monument, locally known as Monas, is a 132-meter-tall obelisk commemorating Indonesia's struggle for independence. Located in the center of Merdeka Square, the structure is topped by a bronze flame coated with 32 kilograms of gold leaf. The base houses a National History Museum featuring 51 dioramas that depict Indonesian history from pre-colonial times to the New Order era. Visitors can access an observation deck located at the base of the flame for panoramic views of Jakarta. The foundation of the monument reflects the Linga and Yoni concept, representing fertility and eternity. Construction began in 1961 under the direction of President Sukarno and was completed in 1975 under President Suharto. The inner courtyard contains a museum dedicated to the Declaration of Independence, displaying the original manuscript. The surrounding park serves as a green lung for the city, housing a deer enclosure and various fountains.

Insider tips

• Visit the underground museum first to understand the historical context before ascending to the observation deck.

• Bring comfortable walking shoes as the walk from the park entrance to the monument base is significant.

• Carry a water bottle and wear a hat, as there is very little shade while walking across the expansive Merdeka Square.