The square's trapezoidal layout was an intentional optical trick to counteract the existing non-parallel orientations of the surrounding buildings.
The central statue is a replica; the original gilded bronze Marcus Aurelius statue was moved to the Capitoline Museums in 1981 to protect it from environmental pollution.
The pavement's complex star pattern was not actually realized until 1940, despite being designed by Michelangelo four centuries earlier.
The Capitoline Hill was the site of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, the most important temple in ancient Rome.
The two colossal statues of the Dioscuri (Castor and Pollux) guarding the top of the Cordonata stairs were unearthed during excavations in the Ghetto area.
The Palazzo Senatorio is built directly atop the ancient Tabularium, the Roman state archives, whose massive walls remain visible from the lower levels.
Piazza del Campidoglio is a hilltop civic square designed by Michelangelo Buonarroti, serving as the seat of the Roman government. Commissioned by Pope Paul III in 1536, the trapezoidal design employs forced perspective to make the space appear larger and more harmonious. The square is framed by the Palazzo Senatorio, Palazzo dei Conservatori, and Palazzo Nuovo. At its center stands a bronze copy of the equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius, while the original resides within the adjacent Capitoline Museums. The paving features a distinctive star-shaped geometric pattern originally intended by Michelangelo but only completed in the 20th century. The site sits atop the Capitoline Hill, which was the religious and political heart of ancient Rome. Today, it remains the official meeting place for the Mayor of Rome. The square is accessible via the Cordonata, a wide, shallow staircase designed to accommodate horses and processions.
The center of the star-shaped pavement, facing the Palazzo Senatorio.
Approach via the Cordonata stairs for the intended dramatic reveal of the piazza's proportions.
Visit the back of the Palazzo Senatorio to access the viewing terrace overlooking the Roman Forum for a superior vantage point.
Go at dusk to see the buildings illuminated while the crowds from the nearby tourist sites dissipate.
Do not mistake the modern replica statue for the original, which requires a museum ticket to view.
Maintain a respectful tone as this is a functional government seat; avoid loud behavior.
