The island was the site of a 12th-century monastery and remains an archaeological site under state care.
The lighthouse, operational since 1816, was the first in Scotland to be constructed of stone.
Atlantic puffins arrive on the island in April and depart by late August each year.
The island is designated as a Special Protection Area (SPA) for its seabird populations.
Grey seal pups are born on the island's rocky beaches during the autumn pupping season.
The island has been inhabited by various groups over the centuries, including monks, lightkeepers, and farmers.
It is a key site for ongoing scientific research into climate change impacts on marine ecosystems.
The Isle of May is a prominent National Nature Reserve located in the Firth of Forth, serving as a critical sanctuary for internationally significant seabird colonies. It hosts the largest colony of Atlantic puffins in the North Sea, alongside substantial populations of guillemots, razorbills, and shags. The island supports a large breeding population of grey seals, which frequent the rocky shores throughout the year. Visitors can explore a historic 19th-century lighthouse designed by Robert Stevenson and the ruins of a 12th-century monastery dedicated to St. Adrian. The island is entirely managed by NatureScot for conservation, focusing on protecting its unique island ecosystem and historical heritage. Access is restricted to island-hopping boat services departing from the Fife coast. The rugged landscape is characterized by sheer cliffs and extensive peat-free maritime grassland. Strict biosecurity measures are enforced to protect ground-nesting bird species from invasive predators.
The dramatic cliff edges overlooking the North Sea, particularly near the lighthouse and the puffin colony nesting banks.
Bring high-quality binoculars to view nesting birds and seals without disturbing them.
Prepare for rapidly changing weather conditions, including high winds and sudden rain, regardless of the forecast.
Stay strictly on the marked paths to avoid damaging bird burrows and disturbing wildlife.
Do not attempt to visit outside of the established boat operator schedule, as there is no independent public transport to the island.
Access is seasonal, typically running from spring through late summer; the island is closed to visitors during the autumn and winter months to protect breeding grey seals.
Wear sturdy, waterproof hiking boots; keep all food and waste secured; do not approach or feed seals; stay on marked trails at all times.
