The caves were used as a shelter by Neanderthals during the Mousterian period and later by Homo sapiens.
Excavations have uncovered rare prehistoric musical instruments, including bird-bone flutes.
The site contains one of the largest concentrations of portable art, such as carved reindeer antlers, found in Europe.
The three levels of the cave complex are naturally connected by a shaft that once allowed water to circulate.
The rock art includes rare depictions of human silhouettes and complex geometric signs.
The site was classified as a French Monument Historique in 1953 due to its scientific importance.
Archaeological digs have been ongoing at the site since the late 19th century, with significant discoveries continuing into the 21st century.
The cave temperature remains constant year-round, which has helped preserve the delicate calcite formations.
The Isturitz and Oxocelhaya caves form a significant archaeological site located in the Basque Country, consisting of three superimposed levels carved into the Gaztelu hill. These caves contain a rich sequence of Paleolithic occupations spanning from the Mousterian to the Magdalenian periods. The site is world-renowned for its extensive collection of prehistoric art, including over 500 engravings, rock carvings, and portable art objects. The Oxocelhaya level is particularly noted for its geological formations, featuring impressive stalactites, stalagmites, and drapery. Humans inhabited these caves for approximately 80,000 years, providing scientists with a detailed timeline of prehistoric development. The site served as both a place of shelter and a ceremonial space for early humans. Visitors tour the caves through a guided path that reveals both the artistic legacy and the limestone landscape. The caves are situated within the Arberoue valley, a region historically significant for its karstic geology.
The central chamber in the Oxocelhaya level provides the best perspective of the large, illuminated flowstone formations.
Wear a warm jacket or sweater, as the internal cave temperature remains around 14°C regardless of the weather outside.
Wear comfortable, non-slip walking shoes suitable for damp, uneven limestone paths.
Book your guided tour slot in advance via their website, as group sizes are strictly limited.
Do not attempt to take flash photography, as it damages the sensitive prehistoric pigments and disrupts the conservation efforts.
Closed annually during the winter months (January and February); generally closed on Mondays during the low season.
Touching the cave walls or mineral formations is strictly prohibited to protect the fragile environment.
