The tree is a Ficus religiosa, a species of fig native to the Indian subcontinent.
Historical records suggest the original tree was destroyed by King Ashoka's wife in jealousy, then replanted, only to be destroyed again by King Shashanka in the 7th century.
A sapling from the original tree was famously taken to Sri Lanka by Ashoka's daughter, Sanghamitra, around 288 BCE; that tree still survives in Anuradhapura.
Botanists use a specialized iron fence and sophisticated arboriculture to protect the tree from excessive physical contact by pilgrims.
The temple complex contains seven specific locations where the Buddha is said to have spent his first seven weeks after enlightenment.
The Bodhi Tree in Bodh Gaya is a descendant of the original pipal tree under which Siddhartha Gautama attained enlightenment to become the Buddha. It resides within the Mahabodhi Temple complex, a UNESCO World Heritage site constructed primarily during the Gupta period. The current tree is a direct spiritual and biological successor to the original, often referred to as the Mahabodhi Tree. The site includes the Vajrasana, or 'Diamond Throne,' marking the exact spot of the Buddha's meditation. The area is surrounded by various votive stupas and a distinct, high-reaching brick temple structure. Pilgrims from global Buddhist traditions visit to perform prostrations, chanting, and silent meditation. The environment is heavily managed to maintain the tree's health, including the use of specialized botanical monitoring systems. It remains the most significant pilgrimage site in the Buddhist world.
From the raised stone walkways surrounding the temple complex, offering a clear view of the tree's canopy against the backdrop of the main spire.
Bring a meditation cushion if you plan to sit for extended periods, as the stone floors are hard.
Purchase offerings such as flowers or butter lamps from stalls outside the gate before entering.
Observe the path of circumambulation (kora) to move with the flow of devotees.
Do not attempt to touch the tree or collect fallen leaves, as this is strictly prohibited to protect the specimen. Avoid visiting during peak afternoon sun when the stone courtyard becomes dangerously hot.
Visitors must remove footwear before entering the temple grounds. Modest attire covering shoulders and knees is mandatory for all visitors. Maintaining silence and moving clockwise around the tree is required.
