The 'fifth season' flood is caused by rapid snowmelt, causing water levels to rise by several meters and submerging nearby forests.
The haabjas, a traditional dugout canoe carved from a single aspen tree, is recognized on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Soomaa contains some of the deepest peat deposits in Estonia, reaching depths of up to 7 meters in certain areas.
The park provides critical nesting grounds for the golden eagle and the black stork.
The name 'Soomaa' translates directly from Estonian to 'Bogland'.
Large parts of the park remain wilderness areas with no permanent human habitation.
Beaver activity is so prolific in the park that they significantly alter the hydrology of smaller forest streams.
Soomaa National Park is defined by its extensive peat bogs, floodplains, and the rare natural phenomenon known as the 'fifth season.' This period of annual flooding in early spring often renders the landscape navigable only by canoe or traditional dugout boat, locally known as a haabjas. The park protects a large wilderness area in southwestern Estonia, characterized by mire systems and meandering rivers like the Navesti and Halliste. Raised bogs, such as the Kuresoo bog, feature deep peat layers and small, acidic lakes. The region is home to diverse wildlife, including lynx, wolves, bears, and beavers. It is part of the Ramsar Convention list of wetlands of international importance. The park infrastructure includes boardwalk trails, lookout towers, and designated camping sites for low-impact wilderness exploration.
The Riisa bog boardwalk lookout tower offers expansive views over the open mire landscape.
Use waterproof footwear or rubber boots regardless of the season, as trails can be muddy.
Rent a canoe or kayak to navigate the park during the spring high-water season for a unique perspective.
Check the official RMK website for current trail status, as high water or maintenance can temporarily close boardwalks.
Attempting to hike off-boardwalk in boggy areas which can be dangerous and environmentally damaging.
Stick strictly to marked boardwalks to protect fragile bog ecosystems and avoid trampling rare plant species.
