The church was constructed on the foundations of a late Roman-era basilica that was likely destroyed by fire.
The central plan design mimics the form of early Christian martyria or baptisteries rather than traditional Latin-cross cathedrals.
It is one of the few Romanesque circular churches in Europe to retain its original medieval proportions.
The structure features a unique ambulatory surrounding the central circular nave, separated by massive stone piers.
Archaeological excavations inside the building have revealed mosaic floors from the 5th and 6th centuries.
The dome is reinforced by a secondary exterior shell, a structural feature uncommon for the 11th century in this region.
The interior holds significant paintings by artists such as Moretto da Brescia and Girolamo Romanino.
The crypt contains a 12th-century altar dedicated to the saints of the Brescia diocese.
The Duomo Vecchio, also known as the Rotonda, is a rare example of an 11th-century Romanesque circular church built over the remains of a pre-existing basilica. Its structure is defined by a massive circular central nave topped by a dome, featuring thick stone walls and few windows. The interior houses the 16th-century marble sarcophagus of Bishop Berardo Maggi. Beneath the current floor level lies a crypt dedicated to Saint Filastrio, preserving elements from the earlier religious site. The building stands in Piazza Paolo VI, directly adjacent to the Renaissance-era Duomo Nuovo. It is one of the oldest round churches in Italy, constructed primarily from stone and terracotta. Its exterior retains the original medieval defensive and structural character, contrasting with the baroque facade of the neighboring cathedral. The church continues to function as a site for religious services and historical study.
From the center of the nave looking upward at the dome to capture the symmetry of the Romanesque arches.
Walk the full perimeter inside the ambulatory to view the interplay of shadow and light on the Romanesque masonry.
Ensure you visit the lower crypt area, which is often cooler and contains the oldest architectural remnants.
Compare the austere stone aesthetic of the Vecchio with the ornate, bright style of the adjacent Duomo Nuovo.
Do not attempt to enter during mass or private funeral services, as tourists are often asked to leave the main nave.
Modest dress is required; shoulders and knees must be covered. Maintain silence as it is an active place of worship.
