The library was built to hold 12,000 scrolls stored in rectangular niches within the walls.
Gaius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus is buried in a sarcophagus located in a vaulted chamber beneath the building's apse.
The statues currently on display at the facade are replicas; the originals are housed in the Ephesus Museum in Vienna.
The building features an optical illusion where the central columns are slightly larger than the side columns to make the structure appear taller.
The library faces east, a design choice intended to capture the morning light for readers.
The Library of Celsus is a monumental Roman structure located in the ancient city of Ephesus, near modern-day Selçuk, Türkiye. Built between 110 and 135 AD, it served as both a public library and a funerary monument for Gaius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus. The facade is a two-story reconstruction that utilizes the original architectural components, showcasing typical Roman baroque elements. The building was designed with double walls to protect the interior scroll collections from humidity and temperature fluctuations. It was once the third-largest library in the ancient world, housing approximately 12,000 scrolls. The four statues in the niches represent the personified virtues of Celsus: Sophia (wisdom), Arete (virtue), Ennoia (intelligence), and Episteme (knowledge). Following an earthquake in the 3rd century and subsequent fire, the library's interior was destroyed, but the iconic facade remained standing. The site is part of the larger Ephesus Archaeological Site, a UNESCO World Heritage region.
The central landing of the marble steps looking up at the columns from a low angle.
Carry a wide-brimmed hat and sunscreen as there is minimal shade in the surrounding ruins.
Arrive as soon as the site opens to avoid the large tour groups that arrive by mid-morning.
Wear footwear with high-traction soles to navigate the uneven, slippery marble streets of the ancient city.
Do not attempt to walk through the prohibited fenced areas, as the marble paths are fragile and heavily monitored.
The site remains open daily, but high heat in summer may cause intermittent closures of specific exposed areas.
Do not climb on the ruins or touch the original marble carvings; modest clothing covering shoulders and knees is recommended as a sign of respect.
