The Trigona basilica features a rare 'triconch' layout, a design originating from Eastern Mediterranean architectural styles.
Excavations revealed an irrigation system connected to the nearby water sources, indicating advanced agricultural planning for the era.
The settlement was likely abandoned following the intensification of Arab incursions into Sicily in the late 8th century.
The necropolis contains both hypogeum tombs cut into the limestone and simple inhumation graves.
The site sits on a geological fault line, which has contributed to the degradation of some stone foundation walls over time.
Cittadella dei Maccari is an extensive Byzantine archaeological site situated on the coastal plain near the Vendicari Nature Reserve. The site features the remains of an early Christian basilica known as the Trigona, characterized by a three-apsed structure. Surrounding the basilica are traces of a late-antique settlement, including residential dwellings and an adjacent necropolis containing rock-cut tombs. Archaeological excavations have uncovered ceramic fragments and coin hoards dating from the 6th to 8th centuries. The site provides evidence of agricultural and fishing activities practiced by the coastal inhabitants of the period. It remains an open-air historical complex managed in connection with the wider Vendicari coastal zone. The landscape is primarily composed of typical Mediterranean scrub vegetation interspersed with limestone ruins.
The interior of the Trigona basilica ruins offers the best perspective of the remaining apse walls and arch structures.
Bring a hat and sufficient water, as there is very little natural shade across the exposed archaeological field.
Wear sturdy, closed-toe walking shoes to navigate the uneven terrain and rocky paths around the ruins.
Visit during the shoulder season to avoid the extreme heat and humidity common to this part of the Sicilian coast.
Attempting to explore the area during midday in summer due to extreme heat exposure; failing to bring sun protection.
The site is generally accessible throughout the year, but paths may be restricted following heavy rainfall in winter.
Do not climb on the ruins or remove any stones; remain on designated paths to protect the archaeological integrity.
