Thol was officially declared a bird sanctuary in 1988 to provide legal protection to the resident and migratory bird species.
The sanctuary is one of the few places in India where large flocks of Flamingos can be observed in a freshwater inland wetland.
It is designated as a Ramsar site, signifying its global ecological importance under the Convention on Wetlands.
The reservoir's water depth is maintained at a shallow level specifically to facilitate the feeding habits of waders and ducks.
During peak winter, the sanctuary hosts significant populations of the endangered Sarus crane, the world's tallest flying bird.
The site acts as a critical drought-relief water source for local agriculture while simultaneously functioning as a wildlife refuge.
Thol Bird Sanctuary is a protected man-made freshwater reservoir located in the Mehsana district of Gujarat, India. Originally constructed in 1912 by the Gaekwad regime for irrigation purposes, the site now serves as a crucial habitat for migratory waterfowl. The sanctuary spans an area of approximately 7 square kilometers, featuring a central shallow lake surrounded by marshy wetlands. It is recognized as a Ramsar site, highlighting its international importance for wetland conservation. Over 150 species of birds have been recorded here, including cranes, geese, and various species of ducks. The ecosystem supports significant numbers of Sarus cranes during their breeding season. The sanctuary remains an essential stopover on the Central Asian Flyway for wintering birds. The core wetland area is often bordered by agricultural land, which serves as an extended foraging ground for the avian population.
The raised embankment trail overlooking the main lake provides a panoramic view of the water and nesting sites.
Bring high-quality binoculars or a camera with a telephoto lens, as birds often congregate far from the embankment.
Remain inside your vehicle or stay quiet along the water's edge to avoid flushing the birds from the water.
Carry plenty of drinking water and sun protection, as the sanctuary offers minimal natural shade near the viewing spots.
Do not wander into the tall reeds or dense vegetation where snakes and other wildlife may be present; stay on the designated tracks.
Open year-round, though avian density significantly decreases during the monsoon and summer months.
Maintain silence, avoid bright-colored clothing, and do not attempt to feed or approach the wildlife.
