It is one of the largest hypersaline lagoons in the world, with salinity levels often exceeding that of the adjacent Atlantic Ocean.
The lagoon is a primary hub for windsurfing and kitesurfing in Brazil due to the reliable 'Nordeste' wind patterns.
Historical salt extraction was a major industry here, leaving behind remnants of saline architecture and infrastructure.
The water circulation is restricted by the narrow Itajuru Channel, which connects the lagoon to the ocean in Cabo Frio.
The lagoon serves as an important spawning ground for various fish species, particularly the mullet (tainha).
Araruama Lagoon is a hypersaline coastal lagoon spanning approximately 220 square kilometers across several municipalities in Rio de Janeiro state, including Iguaba Grande. Its distinct high salinity results from minimal freshwater input combined with high evaporation rates and a narrow connection to the Atlantic Ocean. The lagoon functions as a major site for wind-related water sports due to consistent thermal winds from the sea. Its shoreline features extensive sandy stretches and mangroves that serve as critical habitats for local biodiversity. The local economy and culture are heavily shaped by the lagoon's environmental conditions and historical salt production legacy.
The municipal pier at sunset, looking out toward the center of the lagoon.
Check local water quality reports before swimming, as the lagoon occasionally faces environmental fluctuations.
Bring wind-resistant gear if planning to participate in water sports.
Utilize the designated boardwalk areas in Iguaba Grande for the best access to the shoreline.
Do not attempt to walk into muddy mangrove areas, as they contain deep, unstable sediment.
Practice 'Leave No Trace' principles to protect the sensitive hypersaline ecosystem; avoid using chemical sunscreens that damage the lagoon's water chemistry.
