The lake serves as a natural flood-balancing reservoir for the Krishna and Godavari irrigation systems.
Kolleru is connected to the sea by a 64-kilometer-long winding channel known as the Upputeru.
It is a primary breeding ground for the grey pelican (Pelecanus philippensis).
The water depth significantly decreases during the summer months, leading to a substantial reduction in the lake's surface area.
Local ecological restoration efforts focus on removing non-native fish species that threaten the lake's biodiversity.
Kolleru Lake is one of India's largest shallow freshwater lakes, situated between the Krishna and Godavari river deltas in Andhra Pradesh. It acts as a critical wetland ecosystem, designated as a Ramsar site of international importance. The lake serves as a vital natural habitat for migratory birds arriving from Northern Asia and Eastern Europe during winter. Its unique geography features a fluctuating water level that connects to the Bay of Bengal through the Upputeru drain. The lake area is divided into two distinct zones: the sanctuary area and the peripheral zones that support local agriculture and aquaculture. It hosts a diverse range of avian species, including painted storks, grey pelicans, and open-billed storks. The ecosystem remains sensitive to environmental changes and water management practices in the surrounding deltaic plains.
The elevated viewing decks near the Atapaka Bird Sanctuary entrance.
Bring high-quality binoculars for bird watching as the best viewpoints are often at a distance from the birds.
Hire a local boatman who knows the shallow channels to avoid getting stuck in the mudflats.
Use insect repellent, as the wetland environment supports a high population of mosquitoes.
Do not attempt to navigate the deeper central parts of the lake without an experienced local guide.
Access may be restricted or difficult during the peak monsoon season due to flooding; check local status for road and boat accessibility.
Maintain silence to avoid disturbing the bird habitats; do not litter in the water or marshlands.
