The 'underground staircase' features 734 steps and is considered one of the longest vaulted underground passages in Europe.
The fort was used as a state prison for noblewomen involved in the Affair of the Poisons during the reign of Louis XIV.
It sits at an altitude of approximately 180 meters above the valley floor.
The fortification was never captured by enemy forces during its active military service.
The defensive design includes a 'tenaille' system, which allows soldiers to fire on attackers from multiple protected angles.
Fort Liberia is a 17th-century fortification overlooking the medieval town of Villefranche-de-Conflent in the French Pyrenees. Designed by Vauban under the orders of Louis XIV, the fort was constructed in 1681 to secure the border against Spain. The site includes a distinctive 'underground staircase' consisting of over 700 steps carved directly into the rock to connect the fort to the village below. The fortification is built into the side of the mountain and features defensive bastions, guardrooms, and an internal courtyard. It serves as a UNESCO World Heritage site as part of the 'Fortifications of Vauban' series. Visitors can access the fort via a 4x4 shuttle service or a steep hike up the historical mountain trail. The structure is built from local stone and highlights the tactical military architecture of the era.
The main ramparts overlooking the valley provide a clear view of the town rooftops below.
Wear sturdy hiking boots, as the stone path is steep and uneven.
Carry plenty of water, as the climb is physically demanding in summer heat.
Bring a light jacket, as the interior tunnels and stone chambers remain cool even during summer.
Attempting to climb the mountain path in flip-flops or open-toed sandals.
Closed annually during the winter season; open daily from spring through autumn.
No smoking inside the historical structures; do not climb on the defensive walls.
