The church plan is based on a ten-pointed star design, reflecting the legend that five stars appeared above the Vltava river where John of Nepomuk died.
The architect Santini-Aichel used a 'Baroque Gothic' style, which was highly controversial and innovative for its time.
The structure features a unique dome vaulting that relies on complex mathematical intersections.
The interior is illuminated by five triangular windows in the dome, ensuring specific light patterns at different times of the day.
The entire site was designed to be viewed from above, emphasizing the star shape of the ground plan.
The original design included an intended ring of five chapels and five gates around the courtyard, maintaining the numeric symbolism.
The church was constructed specifically for the canonization of John of Nepomuk, which occurred in 1729, seven years after the church's completion.
The Pilgrimage church of St. John of Nepomuk at Zelená hora is a UNESCO World Heritage site completed in 1722, designed by Jan Blažej Santini-Aichel. It serves as a masterpiece of Baroque Gothic architecture, characterized by its reliance on the geometry of the number five. The structure is built on a star-shaped plan with five entrances, five chapels, and five altars. The site is located in the Vysočina region of the Czech Republic atop a hill known as Green Mountain. It commemorates the saint John of Nepomuk, who is symbolically represented throughout the interior design. The church is surrounded by a circular cloister and a cemetery, providing a secluded atmosphere. The complex reflects the unique synthesis of Gothic construction techniques and Baroque spatial planning.
From the exterior cemetery perimeter wall, which provides the best angle to capture the full star-shaped layout.
Wear sturdy walking shoes as the path up to the hill involves a steep incline from the valley.
Consider visiting during the off-season to experience the quiet, as the site is less crowded than major urban monuments.
Bring binoculars to observe the intricate ceiling geometry and architectural details high above the nave.
Do not attempt to walk up the hill in formal footwear; avoid visiting on Mondays when the site is typically closed to public tours.
Closed on Mondays; seasonal operations often restricted or limited during winter months; always check for local religious event closures.
Maintain a quiet tone; remove headwear when inside the sanctuary; photography is permitted in most areas but avoid using flash.
