The 'Hand of Irulegi' bronze artifact is dated to the 1st century BCE.
The inscription on the bronze hand contains the word 'sorioneku,' which shares linguistic roots with the modern Basque word 'zorioneko' meaning 'good fortune'.
The castle served as a strategic watchtower over the trade routes connecting the Pamplona basin to the Ebro valley.
Excavations revealed that the site was occupied since the Bronze Age, long before the construction of the medieval castle.
The castle was ordered to be demolished by Ferdinand the Catholic to prevent it from being used by the supporters of the d'Albret family.
The Irulegi Castle ruins sit atop a 893-meter peak in the Aranguren Valley, offering panoramic views of the Pamplona basin. The site contains the remains of a medieval fortress dating back to the 11th century, which was destroyed by Castilian troops in 1494. Archaeological excavations conducted since 2007 have unearthed significant structures including the keep, defensive walls, and living quarters. The site gained international fame in 2021 following the discovery of the 'Hand of Irulegi,' a bronze artifact featuring the oldest known inscription in the Vasconic language. This discovery proved that the ancient inhabitants of the area were literate before the Roman arrival. Visitors must hike to reach the summit, as the ruins are located at the end of a mountain trail.
From the highest point of the remaining stone tower walls, providing a 360-degree view of the surrounding Pyrenean foothills.
Wear sturdy hiking boots, as the path to the summit is steep and rocky.
Bring windproof clothing, as the exposed peak experiences significant gusts throughout the year.
Carry sufficient water, as there are no facilities or potable water sources on the mountain.
Do not attempt the hike during or immediately after rain, as the limestone trail becomes extremely slippery.
Respect the archaeological site by staying within marked paths and do not touch or move any stones or remnants.
