The water travels approximately 15 kilometers underground before resurfacing in the Melissani Cave area.
Scientists discovered the path of the water by introducing tracer dye into the sinkholes in the 1960s to track its emergence at Karavomylos.
The flow is driven by the difference in sea level and the specific topographical structure of the island's limestone base.
The historic water mill at the site was originally constructed by the British during the 19th century.
The site was severely damaged during the 1953 Ionian earthquake, which altered the flow patterns of the sinkholes.
The Katavothres or Sinkholes of Argostoli are a rare geological occurrence where seawater flows into subterranean tunnels in the limestone rock. This phenomenon is caused by a unique siphon effect that pulls the Ionian Sea into deep geological fissures. The water travels underground across the Kefalonia island, eventually resurfacing at the Karavomylos Lake and Melissani Cave near Sami. The site features an old water mill that once utilized the current of the flowing water to generate power. The area demonstrates the karst topography typical of the region, where seawater circulation patterns remain a subject of active oceanographic research. Visitors can view the active intake points where the sea disappears into the ground along the rocky coastline.
The restored water mill provides the most recognizable frame for capturing the contrast between the historic structure and the sea intake.
Wear sturdy shoes with good grip, as the coastal rocks around the sinkholes are jagged and can be slippery.
Bring sun protection, as the site is fully exposed with minimal natural shade.
The site is compact; combine it with a visit to the nearby Fanari Lighthouse for a complete coastal walk.
Do not attempt to climb down into the deep crevices or approach the water's edge on windy days when waves can surge unexpectedly.
