The castle was conquered by the forces of the Order of Saint James during the reign of Alfonso VIII of Castile.
The interior chapel houses a 16th-century altarpiece dedicated to the Virgin of Peñarroya, the patron saint of Argamasilla de Alba.
The limestone cliff upon which the castle stands was utilized as a quarry for the construction of its own outer walls.
The site marks the physical boundary between the municipal areas of Argamasilla de Alba and Ruidera.
Historically, the castle served as an essential logistics base for the knights patrolling the southern frontier of the Castilian kingdom.
The Castle of Peñarroya is a 12th-century fortress situated on a limestone cliff overlooking the Peñarroya Reservoir in the province of Ciudad Real, Spain. Originally a Moorish stronghold, it was captured by the Military Order of Saint James (Orden de Santiago) in 1198. The structure features a double walled enclosure, a keep, and a hermit chapel dedicated to the Virgin of Peñarroya. The site served as a strategic military outpost during the Reconquista and later transitioned into a site for religious pilgrimage. The castle overlooks the confluence of the Guadiana River and the reservoir, offering views of the surrounding La Mancha plains. Restoration efforts have preserved the exterior fortifications and the internal courtyard. It remains one of the most significant architectural relics of the Order of Santiago in the region. The castle is situated at the gateway to the Ruidera Lagoons Natural Park.
The elevated path near the main entrance provides a panoramic view of the castle ramparts against the reservoir water.
Bring sturdy footwear, as the ground inside the castle courtyard is uneven and rocky.
Visit during the shoulder seasons to avoid extreme heat, as the stone structure offers minimal shade.
Combine your visit with a trip to the nearby Ruidera Lagoons, located just a few minutes away.
Do not attempt to climb the exterior walls or restricted areas, as the structure is ancient and partially exposed to erosion.
The chapel may have limited access during specific religious feast days or private ceremonies.
