The fortress is the final fortification system of the Vauban star-fort style constructed in the world.
Construction began in 1810 to defend the Russian Empire's western borders against Napoleon Bonaparte.
The complex was never captured or destroyed by an invading army despite multiple conflicts in the region.
The Mark Rothko Art Centre, located in the former arsenal building, celebrates the birthplace of the artist who was born in Daugavpils (then Dvinsk) in 1903.
The fortress layout follows a complex geometric star pattern intended to provide overlapping fields of fire for artillery.
Many buildings in the complex are currently home to a significant population of protected bats, leading to the designation of parts of the site as a nature protection area.
The fortress contains an original water-lifting building and a commander’s residence that demonstrate 19th-century military engineering.
The site was used as a military training ground for various armies throughout the 20th century before being converted to civilian use.
Daugavpils Fortress is an early 19th-century fortification complex located on the right bank of the Daugava River in Latvia. It remains the only early 19th-century military fortification in Northern Europe that has remained virtually unchanged to the present day. The site features an extensive system of bastions, ravelins, and moats surrounding a neoclassical structure. It currently houses the Mark Rothko Art Centre, which integrates abstract expressionist works within the historic military architecture. The complex spans over 150 hectares and includes original defensive ramparts and brick garrison buildings. The site serves as a multipurpose cultural space incorporating galleries, historical exhibitions, and preserved military infrastructure. It functions as a preserved urban environment within the modern city of Daugavpils.
The view from the top of the ramparts overlooking the Daugava River and the central parade square.
Wear sturdy walking shoes, as the paths are often gravel or uneven historic brick.
Bring a light jacket, as the thick masonry walls keep the indoor galleries cool even in summer.
Check the official website before visiting to see if specific bastions are closed for ongoing restoration work.
Do not attempt to climb or traverse restricted or fenced-off sections of the historic walls for safety reasons.
The Mark Rothko Art Centre is closed on Mondays.
Maintain a quiet tone inside the art gallery spaces; follow marked paths to avoid disturbing nesting sites in protected zones.
