The refuge was established in 1938 by Executive Order as a sanctuary for migratory birds.
It is one of only a few national wildlife refuges located in the heart of a rapidly growing urban area.
Over 300 species of birds have been documented within the refuge boundaries.
The refuge hosts the annual Festival of the Cranes, celebrating the winter arrival of sandhill cranes.
The Tennessee River flows through the center of the refuge, creating diverse riparian habitats.
Endangered species including the interior least tern and grey bat have been identified in the area.
The site was partially created to mitigate the loss of habitat caused by the construction of Wheeler Dam.
The visitor center building itself is designed with sustainable architecture elements.
Native plant gardens surrounding the visitor center provide habitat for local pollinators.
Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge serves as a primary wintering site for thousands of migratory waterfowl, particularly sandhill cranes and Canada geese. The refuge encompasses over 35,000 acres along the Tennessee River, protecting a diverse ecosystem of bottomland hardwoods and wetlands. The visitor center features interactive exhibits detailing the refuge's history and local wildlife species. A quarter-mile observation trail leads directly from the building to an observation deck overlooking a managed moist-soil impoundment. This area is specifically designed to attract waterfowl during migration periods. The refuge is part of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service system and serves as a vital corridor for migratory birds. The facility provides educational resources regarding habitat management and endangered species protection.
The covered observation deck located at the end of the boardwalk trail.
Bring binoculars, as the best wildlife viewing occurs at a distance from the boardwalk.
Visit during the early morning or late afternoon when wildlife is most active.
Check the refuge website for current water levels in the impoundments, as these dictate bird concentrations.
Do not attempt to feed any wildlife; ignore the urge to leave the boardwalks, as the ground can be muddy and disturbs nesting sites.
Closed on federal holidays.
Maintain a quiet demeanor to avoid startling wildlife; stay on marked trails to protect sensitive habitat.
