The lagoon occupies a depression created by the dissolution of subterranean gypsum deposits, a process known as karstification.
The water levels in the lagoon are primarily maintained by groundwater discharge from the surrounding limestone aquifer.
The cliffs surrounding the lagoon, known as the 'Yesares de Rivas', contain fossils and gypsum crystals formed millions of years ago.
The site is designated as a ZEPA (Special Protection Area for Birds) under European Union legislation.
The surrounding landscape is part of the 'Red Natura 2000' network due to the presence of endangered flora species adapted to high-gypsum soils.
Laguna del Campillo is a protected wetland located within the Regional Park of the Southeast in the Community of Madrid. The site features a permanent lagoon formed by the subsidence of gypsum and limestone strata, creating a unique karst landscape. It serves as a critical nesting and wintering ground for diverse bird species, including the purple heron and various species of ducks. The area is surrounded by high vertical cliffs known as 'cortados,' which are characteristic of the Jarama and Manzanares river valleys. These gypsum escarpments are geologically significant and provide nesting sites for raptors. A network of walking paths allows visitors to circulate the perimeter of the wetland. The site is a remnant of a larger river ecosystem that has undergone significant transformation due to historical agricultural use. It represents an important biodiversity corridor in an otherwise urbanized region near Rivas-Vaciamadrid.
The elevated vantage points along the western cliff rim looking east over the lagoon during golden hour.
Bring high-quality binoculars as the main birdwatching activity occurs at a distance from the water's edge.
Wear sturdy, closed-toe footwear as the paths consist of loose, dusty gypsum soil that can be uneven.
Visit during the early spring or late autumn to witness peak migratory bird activity.
Do not attempt to swim in the lagoon, as the water quality is managed for ecological preservation, not human recreation.
Stay on marked trails to protect the fragile gypsum substrate; keep pets leashed at all times to avoid disturbing nesting bird colonies.
