The park's name, 'Cajas,' is believed to derive from the Kichwa word 'caxas,' meaning gateway or box, referring to the valley's distinct topography.
It contains one of the highest concentrations of glacial lakes in the entire Andean mountain range.
The park is a designated Ramsar site, recognized for its critical wetland ecosystem importance.
Polylepis trees found here are known for their distinctive peeling, papery bark, which protects them from extreme high-altitude cold.
The park's water systems are the primary source of potable water for the city of Cuenca.
The archaeological remains of Paredones indicate the site was an important storage and transit point for the Inca military and trade.
Temperatures can drop below freezing at night, even during the warmest months.
Despite the high altitude, the park receives significant annual precipitation, contributing to its dense moss and lichen cover.
Parque Nacional Cajas is a high-altitude Andean ecosystem characterized by over 270 glacial lakes and lagoons located within the paramo landscape. Situated at elevations ranging from 3,100 to 4,450 meters above sea level, the park is a vital watershed for the region. The terrain consists of peat bogs, Polylepis forests, and tundra-like vegetation. It serves as a significant site for biodiversity, supporting species such as the Andean condor, giant hummingbirds, and the endangered South American tapir. Visitors primarily engage in hiking, trout fishing, and landscape photography. The park encompasses a section of the Qhapaq Ñan, the ancient Inca road system. Due to its extreme altitude, the area experiences rapid weather changes and frequent dense fog. The park is managed as a protected biological reserve, requiring strict adherence to trail markers to preserve sensitive vegetation.
The viewpoint overlooking Laguna Toreadora provides a panoramic view of the lake against the surrounding paramo hills.
Acclimatize in a high-altitude city for at least two days before attempting strenuous hikes.
Carry a physical map or GPS device, as heavy fog can quickly obscure trail markers and visual landmarks.
Dress in multiple breathable layers, including a waterproof outer shell, to manage fluctuating temperatures and sudden precipitation.
Do not underestimate altitude sickness; avoiding strenuous exertion during the first few hours is essential for safety.
Stick strictly to marked trails to avoid damaging fragile high-altitude mosses; do not feed wildlife; carry all waste out of the park.
