The central basalt column of the fort was historically used as a watchtower to monitor maritime traffic along the Konkan coast.
The fort was known as 'Honnur' during the reign of the Gujarat Sultanate.
The site acts as a critical habitat for the critically endangered White-rumped Vulture.
During the monsoon season, the surrounding sanctuary forest receives significant rainfall, leading to the formation of seasonal waterfalls along the trek path.
The fort was captured by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in 1670 during the Maratha-Mughal conflicts.
Karnala Fort, situated within the Karnala Bird Sanctuary in the Raigad district, is an ancient hill fort dating back to at least the 1400s. The site is defined by its central 125-foot-tall basalt pillar, known locally as Pandu's Tower, which serves as a landmark for trekkers. Strategically located on the trade route between the Konkan coast and the interior of the Deccan Plateau, the fort frequently exchanged hands between the Gujarat Sultanate, the Nizam Shahs, and the Maratha Empire. The trekking path leading to the summit passes through dense moist deciduous forest, home to over 150 species of resident and migratory birds. Remnants of the fort's ancient fortifications, including stone-cut water cisterns and structural foundations, are visible near the basalt pinnacle. The sanctuary area surrounding the fort is legally protected as a wildlife habitat, requiring visitors to adhere to conservation protocols. Hiking to the fort requires traversing a moderate trail that climbs through the forested sanctuary slopes. It remains a notable destination for those combining historical exploration with ornithological observation.
The base of the basalt pinnacle provides the most iconic vantage point overlooking the surrounding Western Ghats.
Wear sturdy, closed-toe hiking footwear with good grip, as the trail becomes slippery during the rainy season.
Carry sufficient water and snacks, as there are no food vendors available once you pass the sanctuary base entrance.
Use a pair of binoculars for bird-watching along the forest trail before reaching the fort ruins.
Avoid visiting during the peak heat of the afternoon and do not attempt the final climb to the pinnacle if you are not an experienced climber.
The sanctuary area may be restricted or closed during extreme weather alerts or intense monsoon conditions; check for local forest department notices before departure.
Do not litter, play loud music, or feed the local primate population; remain on designated trekking trails to avoid disturbing wildlife.
