It is the only place in Nepal where the wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) is found.
The reserve is the first Ramsar site in Nepal, designated in 1987.
It sits on a flood-prone alluvial plain that is constantly reshaped by the Koshi River during monsoon seasons.
The park serves as a vital stopover for migratory birds traveling along the Central Asian Flyway.
The Ganges River dolphin, an endangered aquatic mammal, inhabits the deeper sections of the Koshi River within the reserve boundary.
The vegetation is dominated by Saccharum reed species, which grow up to several meters tall.
Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve is a protected wetland area encompassing a vast expanse of grasslands and riverine forests along the Sapta Koshi River in eastern Nepal. It serves as a critical habitat for the last remaining population of wild water buffalo (Arna) in Nepal. The reserve is a Ramsar site, recognized internationally for its importance to migratory birds, hosting over 480 species including the swamp francolin and sarus crane. The landscape is defined by extensive marshes, mudflats, and reed beds that fluctuate with the river's seasonal flow. It remains one of the few places in South Asia where visitors can observe the endangered gharial crocodile in its natural riverine environment. The reserve's flat, low-lying terrain makes it a primary destination for specialized birdwatching excursions. Local conservation efforts include monitoring programs for the Ganges River dolphin, which can occasionally be spotted in the deep pools of the Koshi river system.
The suspension bridge area and the high vantage points overlooking the marshes during sunrise.
Bring high-quality binoculars, as most wildlife sightings, particularly birds and buffalo, require distance for observation.
Hire a local naturalist guide who can navigate the changing river channels and identify specific avian species.
Pack specialized insect repellent, as the marshy environment is highly conducive to mosquitoes and other biting insects.
Avoid walking near the riverbanks alone due to the risk of encountering wildlife and unstable ground conditions.
The reserve is most accessible during the dry season; many trails may be submerged or impassable during the peak monsoon months.
Maintain silence to avoid disturbing wildlife, carry out all trash, and wear neutral-colored clothing to blend into the natural environment.
